Isenzo sesayensi yerobhothi ehlakaniphile nobuchwepheshe

Imishini yezolimo ingenye yezisekelo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuthuthukiswa kwezolimo.Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, izinga lokusetshenziswa kwemishini yezolimo eShayina liye lathuthuka ngokushesha, futhi imininingwane evela kuNgqongqoshe Wezolimo Nezindaba Zasemakhaya ikhombisa ukuthi izinga eliphelele lokusebenzisa imishini kakolweni, ummbila nelayisi eShayina lidlule ku-97%, 90% kanye nama-85. % ngokulandelana, kanye nezinga eliphelele lokusebenzisa imishini lezitshalo lidlule ama-71%.

Ngaso leso sikhathi, kukhona nokungalingani ezingeni lokusebenzisa imishini yezolimo eShayina, izinga eliphelele lokutshalwa kwezitshalo nokuvunwa kwezitshalo ezindaweni ezinamagquma nezintaba eningizimu lingama-51% kuphela, futhi izinga lokusebenzisa imishini lezixhumanisi ezibalulekile ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo zemali ezifana ukotini, uwoyela, uswidi kanye netiye yemifino, kanye nokufuywa kwezilwane, ukudoba, ukucubungula okuyisisekelo kwemikhiqizo yezolimo, indawo yezolimo neminye imikhakha iphansi.

U-Wu Kongming, umongameli we-Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences kanye ne-academician ye-Chinese Academy of Engineering, uveze ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini yezolimo e-China kunezimpawu "zokuncane ezintathu nantathu ngaphansi", namandla amancane amahhashi, aphakathi naphansi. -imishini yokuqeda, kanye namathuluzi ambalwa anamandla amakhulu namathuluzi aphezulu;Kunemisebenzi eminingi yemishini yezolimo eminingi ebanzi, kanye nokusebenza kwemishini yezolimo ehlanganisiwe esebenza kahle kakhulu;Kunemizi eminingi yemishini yezolimo emincane ezisebenzisayo, futhi kunezinhlangano ezimbalwa ezinkulu eziyisipesheli zemishini yezolimo.

Ngasikhathi sinye, uWu Kongming uphinde wathi imishini yezolimo isenezinkinga njengokuthi "ukusebenziseka okungaphili", "akukho ukusetshenziswa kahle komshini" kanye "nobunzima bezinto eziphilayo" ngamazinga ahlukahlukene.Mayelana "noma kukhona", izindawo ezinamagquma nezintaba, indawo yokukhiqiza ezolimo, imishini yokucubungula imikhiqizo yezolimo, imfuyo kanye nemishini yobuhlakani yokufuywa kwezinkukhu zasemanzini ayashoda;Mayelana "nokuhle noma cha", isidingo se-R&D kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemishini yezobuchwepheshe kuzixhumanisi ezibalulekile njengokutshalwa kwerayisi, ukuvunwa kwamakinati, imbewu ye-rapeseed kanye nokuhlwanyela amazambane kusaphuthuma.Mayelana "nokuhle kakhulu noma okungekuhle", kuqokonyiswa emishinini ehlakaniphile kanye nezinga eliphansi lokukhiqiza okukhaliphile.

Nqoba ubunzima bezobuchwepheshe futhi uqinise ukugcinwa okusanhlamvu kwezobuchwepheshe

Isayensi nobuchwepheshe kungamandla amakhulu okukhiqiza futhi kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuthuthukiswa kokukhiqizwa kwezolimo.Kuyaqondakala ukuthi eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences sethule ngokulandelana izenzo zocwaningo lwesayensi nezobuchwepheshe ezifana ne-"Mission List System", "Strong Seed Science and Technology Action", "Fertile Field Science and Technology Action" kanye "neGrain". Khulisa Isenzo SeSayensi Nobuchwepheshe", siphinde sigxile ekuxhumaneni okubuthakathaka kwezolimo zesimanje, ukukhuthaza inqubekelaphambili yesayensi yezolimo nezobuchwepheshe, nokuqinisa izinyathelo zokugcina okusanhlamvu kwezobuchwepheshe.

UWu Kongming uthe njengamandla kazwelonke wesayensi nezobuchwepheshe, i-Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences izibophezele ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezinkulu zesayensi nezobuchwepheshe zenhlalakahle yomphakathi, ukuthuthukiswa okuyisisekelo, okuphelele, okunamasu nokubheke phambili "kwezindawo ezintathu zasemakhaya".Ikakhulukazi kusukela ngo-2017, isibhedlela siye sasheshisa isivinini sokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezesayensi nezobuchwepheshe kwezolimo nasezindaweni zasemakhaya, senza umnikelo omuhle ekuqinisekiseni ukuvikeleka kokudla kuzwelonke, ukuphepha kwemvelo kanye nokuphepha kwemvelo.

I-"Smart Machine Science and Technology Action" iyisinyathelo esibalulekile esithathwe i-Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences ukuze kusheshiswe ukuthuthukiswa kwesayensi nezobuchwepheshe kwemishini yezolimo yaseChina, ukukhuthaza ukuhlinzekwa okuphumelelayo kwezingxenye ezibalulekile eziyinhloko, nokuxazulula "intamo ebhajwe" inkinga.UWu Kongming wethule ukuthi ngokuzayo, iChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences izoqoqa amaqembu ocwaningo lwesayensi angaphezu kuka-20 avela ezikhungweni zokucwaninga eziyi-10 emkhakheni wemishini yezolimo nemishini kuso sonke isikole, ngenhloso yokwenza amaphutha emishini yezolimo. imishini, ukuhlasela okuyisisekelo, nokuqinisa ubuhlakani, okugxile emisebenzini ebalulekile yocwaningo efana nocwaningo lwesayensi nobuchwepheshe bemishini yezolimo eluhlaza esebenza kahle nehlakaniphile, ukusungulwa okusha ngokubambisana kwemishini yezolimo amabhizinisi esayensi nobuchwepheshe, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kweplathifomu yemishini emisha yezolimo, kanye nokulwela ukufeza i-leapfrog ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini yezolimo yaseShayina kanye nobuchwepheshe bemishini yezolimo ngo-2030, futhi kunikeze ukwesekwa okuqinile kokuqinisekisa ukutholakala kokudla kuzwelonke.

Gxila enkingeni yentamo futhi unqobe ibhodlela lesayensi nobuchwepheshe

"Ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini yezolimo eChina sekudlule izigaba ezine."U-Chen Qiaomin, umqondisi we-Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanisation, i-Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, wethula, "Inkathi yemishini yezolimo engu-1.0 ixazulula ikakhulukazi inkinga yokushintsha amandla omuntu nawezilwane ngemishini yemishini, inkathi ye-2.0 ixazulula inkinga yokuhlanganisa. umshini, inkathi engu-3.0 ixazulula inkinga yokwaziswa, futhi inkathi engu-4.0 inkathi yokuzenzakalela nokuhlakanipha."Njengamanje, izinga eliphelele lokutshalwa kwezitshalo nokuvunwa kwezitshalo ezweni selidlule ku-71%, futhi sekubonisiwe ukuthambekela okuphelele kokuthuthukiswa kwemishini yezolimo engu-1.0 kuye ku-4.0."

I-"Smart Robot Technology Action" eyethulwe kulokhu inemisebenzi yamasu eyisithupha.U-Chen Qiaomin wethula ukuthi imisebenzi eyisithupha emikhulu ihlanganisa "ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yezolimo yonke inqubo yokwenza imishini, imishini esetshenziswayo enamagquma nezintaba, izinsiza zesimanje zezolimo, ubuhlakani bemishini yezolimo, idatha enkulu yezolimo kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa, obufanele ukuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bezolimo ngemishini" kanye ezinye izici.Kuze kube manje, i-Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences izothatha izinyathelo ezithile ezinjengokuthi "ukuhlasela umnyombo", "ukwenza amaphutha" kanye "nobuhlakani obuqinile" ukuze kubhekwane nezinkinga ezibalulekile emishinini yezolimo ephumelelayo nehlakaniphile yesayensi nobuchwepheshe bezolimo, ubuhlakani obusha ngokubambisana. izenzo zemishini yezolimo amabhizinisi esayensi nobuchwepheshe, kanye nezenzo zokuthuthukisa amapulatifomu emishini emisha yezolimo.

I-"Smart Robot Technology Initiative" nayo ibeka imigomo ezindaweni ezihlukene ngesikhathi.U-Chen Qiaomin wethule ukuthi ngo-2023, ikhono lokusungula izinto zesayensi nezobuchwepheshe lemishini yezolimo nemishini lizoqhubeka nokuthuthuka, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obukhaliphile bemishini yokudla kuzosheshiswa, nenkinga "yokusetshenziswa okungaphili" kwezixhumanisi ezibuthakathaka zemali enkulu. izitshalo zizoxazululwa ngokuyisisekelo.Ngo-2025, imishini yezolimo kanye nobuchwepheshe bemishini yezolimo buyobe senziwe "kusukela ezikhona kuze kube sekugcineni", izindawo ezibuthakathaka kanye nezixhumanisi zobuchwepheshe bemishini zizoxazululwa ngokuyisisekelo, ubuhlakani bokusebenzisa imishini nolwazi luzophinde luhlanganiswe, futhi ukuthembeka kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokuvumelana nezimo kuzothuthukiswa kakhulu. .Ngo-2030, imishini yezolimo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa imishini yezolimo "kuzosuka ngokugcwele kuye kokuhle kakhulu", ukwethembeka kwemishini kanye nekhwalithi yokusebenza kuzothuthukiswa kakhulu, futhi izinga lobuhlakani lizofinyelela ezingeni elihamba phambili lamazwe ngamazwe.